8/8/2023 0 Comments Space shuttle cockpit seattleFor example, an airplane wants to know whether it's flying level over the ground below. However, sometimes you don't care about space and just want to know your orientation relative to the surface of the earth. In some cases, you might want to use an inertial reference frame - essentially comparing where you're pointed and rotated versus the direction of a distant star. In order to measure your attitude (orientation) in space, you need a reference frame (something to measure against). Shuttle Crew Operations Manual (Various, but page 2.7-4 and 7.1-4 mainly).hardcopy of STS-86 ascent checklist cue card.personal photo from the Shuttle Mission Simulator.She was seated in the second row of seats on the flight deck, between the pilot and commander, giving her a good view of the onboard computer displays and the two crewmembers in front. This means that she served as the "flight engineer", responsible for keeping up in the checklists and ensuring that the commander and pilot took the appropriate actions. Resnik was reading these steps to the commander and pilot because her flight assignment for the launch of STS-51L was Mission Specialist-2 (MS-2). Resnik would have had copies of these cue cards in her copy of the Ascent Checklist.) (These cue cards would have been velcroed to the cockpit in front of the commander and pilot as part of the Ascent Flip Book you can see a Flip Book velcroed on in the picture. The "R180" in the checklist indicates that the action should be taken after the roll maneuver which orients the shuttle to its launch azimuth is complete, resulting in a displayed roll attitude of 180 on the ADI. The first action taken after liftoff is, therefore, movement of this switch, as seen on the Ascent Checklist Ascent Procedures Cue Card. The location of the switches is outlined in green in the drawing and the photo. This image shows the layout of the ADI switches in the "steam gauge" cockpit. Although it was desirable to avoid switch throws during ascent, the switch could not be pre-positioned to LVLH by the Astronaut Support Personnel (ASPs, or "Cape Crusaders") who set the cockpit switches, because there was a singularity in the calculations of LVLH attitude at pitch of 90 degrees (which the Orbiter was at on the pad). This means that shortly after liftoff, the switch must be moved to LVLH to set up the instrument for a possible ascent abort. Pre-launch, the ADI ATTITUDE switch is set to the REF position, although LVLH is the desired frame of reference for flying the Orbiter in "airplane mode". On entry, with the ADI in LVLH, yaw is not displayed and the ADI is Monitors an OMS burn for attitude excursions. Position is useful when the crew flies back to a previous attitude or The ATT REF pushbutton above/below the ADI ATTITUDE switch. Inertial reference frame defined when the flight crew last depressed Primarily used to see the orbiter’s attitude with respect to an Rotating reference frame with respect to Earth. The LVLH position shows the orbiter’s attitude from an orbiter-centered Orbiter’s attitude with respect to the inertial reference frame. The INRTL position allows the flight crew to view the INRTL (inertial), LVLH (local vertical/local horizontal), and REF The ADI ATTITUDE switches determine the unit’s frame of reference: The frame of reference used to drive the display is determined by the ADI ATTITUDE switch. In the STS-51L days this was a electromechanical instrument, indicated in the photo by the red arrow. A primary flight instrument for the shuttle pilots was the Attitude Direction Indicator (ADI).
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